How much does it cost to raise a family in Santa Clara County?

posted by Louise Auerhahn

Friday, May 9, 2008, at

The Insight Center just released the new Family Economic Self-Sufficiency Standard for 2008, which lays out how much it costs to maintain a basic standard of living for workers in every county in California.

Detailed tables with the cost of living in Santa Clara County can be found here (pdf). It's expensive -- okay, no surprise there -- but the Self-Sufficiency Standard shows us just how big that gap is between the cost of basic needs and what jobs actually pay.

A single parent with two kids could be working three full-time minimum-wage jobs and still not have enough to cover housing, food, health care, child care, transportation, and other necessities. No wonder our County's safety net services are strained beyond capacity: as taxpayers, we are subsidizing the social cost of low-wage work.

The list below shows the "self-sufficiency wage" for several different household types. This is the minimum wage needed to get by in Santa Clara County if you work full-time year-round, don't get any outside assistance, and have a minimally adequate standard of living (i.e., you live in an apartment with at least one bedroom for every two people, have enough to eat, and can get medical care when you need it):


  • Single adult: $13.37/hr


  • Single adult with one infant: $23.55/hr


  • Two adults with one preschooler and one teenager (both parents working): $14.70/hr

And compare these to the median wages for some of the most common occupations in Silicon Valley:


  • Retail salespersons (25,990 employees, largest single occupation in the region): $10.98/hr


  • Office clerks (18.860 employees): $15.85/hr


  • Cashiers (17,550 employees): $9.89/hr


  • Janitors and cleaners (14,340 employees): $10.78/hr

Keep in mind that self-sufficiency only measures whether a family can support themselves right now; it doesn't allow for costs of college education, retirement savings, unemployment, or other situations for which you might need to put some money aside. Also no meals out, entertainment, or vacations. But even at that minimum standard, too many jobs simply don't pay enough for a working family to make ends meet.

Here's a breakdown of the Self-Sufficiency Standard by budget item for a two-parent family with a preschooler and a teenager:

One more key point: the Self-Sufficiency Standard assumes that all working families are covered by job-based health insurance, which is increasingly not the case. Without access to job-based coverage, health care costs in the pie chart above shoot up from $348/month to an average $943/month, adding $7,140 to a family's annual expenses.

And of course this problem isn't confined to Silicon Valley. While the Valley does have some of the highest costs in the country, workers nationwide are feeling the sting of stagnant or declining real wages. We urgently need a new national direction towards economic policies that support families and make work pay. Check out EPI's Agenda for Shared Prosperity for some good ideas on how to make this happen.

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Bay Area private sector workers achieve highest unionization rate since 1999

posted by Louise Auerhahn

Wednesday, February 13, 2008, at

Bay Area union membership was on the rise in 2007, driven by increased unionization in the private sector.

An estimated 57,000 additional private-sector workers chose to join unions last year, bringing the private-sector unionization rate for the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland region up to 12.1%: the highest rate this decade.

Combining the public and private sectors, 18.2% of all workers in the Bay Area were covered by a union contract in 2007, up from 17.1% in 2006.


The United States as a whole saw an uptick from 12.0% to 12.1%: a small increase, but notable as the first recorded growth in the nation's unionization rate since the 1970s.

However, union membership in the Bay Area -- and the United States -- remains near historic lows following decades of decline. In the 1960s, about 30% of workers belonged to unions. Today, union coverage has been cut to the rock-bottom rate of 12%, despite the fact that survey after survey shows most U.S. workers want a union.(Continued...)

Although a majority of nonunion workers say they would vote for union representation, few ever get that opportunity, due to employer intimidation combined with ever-more-regressive federal labor laws that block workers from exercising their right to choose a union. This assault on workers intensified under the Bush administration, with the appointment of a strongly anti-labor National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) and Secretary of Labor.

The New York Times writes:


There is little doubt that American workers need unions. Wages today are almost 10 percent lower than they were in 1973, after accounting for inflation. The share of national income devoted to workers' wages and benefits is at its lowest since the late-1960s, while the share going to profits has surged. The decline in unionization has been a big part of the reason that workers have lost so much ground.



Source: Union membership data for the SJ-SF-Oakland region is from the Union Membership and Coverage Database, http://www.unionstats.com/, constructed by Barry T. Hirsch (Georgia State University) and David A. Macpherson (Florida State University). All unionization data used originates from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

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Breaking news: Firefighters get paid more than cashiers

posted by Louise Auerhahn

Tuesday, February 5, 2008, at

That should have been the title of this weekend's USA Today article. Instead, the front-page article was titled "Public jobs see pay gains" and purported to show a trend of "better pay and benefits for public employees" as compared to their counterparts in the private sector.

But USA Today is comparing apples to oranges. Different industries have different cost structures (think of the costs involved in running an auto plant versus a beauty salon), and the mix of skills and occupations involved in state and local government is entirely different from the mix of occupations in the private sector.

Nationwide, the top five occupations in the private sector, making up 12% of the workforce, are:
  • Retail salespersons

  • Cashiers

  • Office clerks

  • Combined food prep and serving workers, including fast food

  • Waiters and waitresses

And the top three occupations employed by state and local governments, making up 15% of the workforce:
  • Police and sheriff's patrol officers

  • Fire fighters

  • Correctional officers

Do we really want a force of firefighters and police officers who get paid minimum wage with no health care? Or maybe correctional officers should all work for tips. (Continued...)


Not only is USA Today's analysis flawed, but they can't even seem to keep their own numbers straight.

The chart accompanying the article claims to show "Average hourly wages" in the public and private sectors, revealing that public sector employees in 2007 earned an expansive-seeming average wage of $39.50. Two mistakes here. First, the article is about state and local government only, not the entire public sector; if you factored in federal employees (who aren't included in the survey), results would be different. And second, the average wage for state and local government in 2007 was not $39.50, but $26.26. (What's the difference? For a full-time worker, nearly $28 grand per year...)

That $39.50 represents not wages but total compensation, factoring in the high cost of health coverage (a nationwide problem not confined to the public sector) and retirement. The text of the article gets this right, but apparently whoever drew up the chart didn't bother to read the article. Can't say I blame them.


(All data is from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The National Compensation Survey is available at http://www.bls.gov/ncs/; occupational employment is at http://www.bls.gov/oes/.)

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